The heart is the first functional organ to develop, and cardiomyocytes (cardiac muscle cells) are the essentialand specific-cell type that supports its function during the entire lifespan, being highly resistant to cell damage and aging. Cardiomyocytes occupy ≈ 80% of the volume of mammalian heart, however, they are relatively few in total number compared with non-myocyte cells (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts; ≈ 70% of total cardiac cells) [1]. Both myocytes and non-myocytes respond to physiological and pathological insults and their maladaptive responses are linked with the pathogenesis of the cardiac tissue. During the last decade, various studies have identified cardiac progenitor-like cells, including immature cardiomyocytes, that contribute to the low cardiomyocyte turnover (< 2% per year), decreasing their contribution in an age-dependent manner. While cardiac regenerative response is effective in embryo and neonatal period (until 7th day after birth), the regeneration is particularly limited from adolescence where ischemic injury lead to the formation of a fibrotic scar and to the reduction in the heart's pumping capacity in mice (reviewed in [2]). The majority of the research in the field of cardiac regeneration have been focused on limiting the death of cardiomyocytes and on looking for the source of de novo cardiomyocytes. Despite the remarkable exchange rate of endothelial cells in adult heart (>15% per year) and their essential functions, the cellular source of mature endothelial cells in homeostasis and after injury is not characterized. He et al. traced adult cardiac endothelial cells using a genetic lineage-tracing strategy based on fluorochrome expression. Lineage dilution analysis based on the presence or absence of fluorochrome-positive endothelial cells showed that preexisting endothelium (or endothelial-related cells) mediated the neovascularization after infarction [3]. It is important to note that these lineage-tracing experiments were realized based on one endothelial-related gene (cd31, cdh5) whose expression is not only restricted to mature endothelial cells. Therefore, it would be possible that cardiac progenitors which express endothelialrelated genes could mediate the neovascularization response to myocardial infarction. In this context, several studies have found cardiac progenitor cells located along cardiac vasculature such as Sca1+ adventitial and Gli1+ fibroblast-progenitor cells [4]. We recently identified a cell population with adult cardiac progenitor characteristics that expresses high level of BMI1 (B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog) protein [5]. Polycomb complex BMI1 expression is widely linked to the regenerative capacity of adult tissues and identifies cells with progenitorrelated characteristics in several tissues. In the mammalian heart, Bmi1+ cardiac progenitors are a heterogeneous cell population (≈1x105 cells/ adult heart) located in perivascular position that contributes to the three main cardiac cell lineages in homeostasis, increasing this contribution after several types of injury [6, 7]. Surprisingly, genetic ablation of Bmi1+ cardiac progenitors in homeostasis did not provoke cardiac dysfunction or mice death, probably due to cell plasticity events as showed in other tissue adult stem cells. The role of Bmi1+ progenitor cells, however, became essential in the neovascularization process after myocardial infarction (from 15-days to 2-months), contributing up to 20% of new endothelial cells. Genetic ablation of Bmi1+ progenitors before infarction confirmed that they are necessary for cardiac physiological remodeling and their absence led to cardiac dysfunction and increased mice death [8]. Cardiac progenitors cellsfor vascular repair    Diego Herrero and  Antonio Bernad www.aging‐us.com                AGING 2019, Vol. 11, No. 5 Figure 1. Lineage‐specific cardiac progenitor cells. Overall, our results suggest that the aging and pathological damage of Bmi1+ cardiac progenitors could play an important role in heart aging, exacerbating certain pathological responses. Stimulation of endogenous Bmi1+ cardiac progenitor cells in the infarcted myocardium would help counteract the pathological remodeling by sustaining injury‐induced neovascularization. https://www.aging-us.com/issue/v11i5

When public speak of contemporary medicine, accuracy plays one of the most significant roles and human lives are directly dependent on it. Likewise, any researches pertaining to medicine are required to comply with the top standards. The issue nowadays is that any results of researches can be published online and used as a reference without being properly verified and validated. Mikhail (Misha) Blagosklonny of Oncotarget clearly understood this challenge and attempted to create an alternative solution. That’s how a weekly oncology-focused research journal named “Oncotarget” has been founded back in 2010. The major principle of this journal is related to Altmetric scores that are used as a quality indicator. That helps both readers and authors to verify publications with Altmetric Article Reports that create “real-time feedback containing data summary related to a particular publication.” Oncotarget website has a complete publications list with respective scores above 100 as well as reports mentioned above. Mikhail (Misha) Blagosklonny proud to share his new approach and hopes it provides the required assistance to anybody, who has interest in oncology.

“A diagnostic autoantibody signature for primary cutaneous melanoma” has the Altmetric score of 594. This article was released back in 2018 by Oncotarget and written by different experts from Hollywood Private Hospital, Edith Cowan University, Dermatology Specialist Group, St. John of God Hospital and The University of Western Australia. The introduction of the study discusses “recent data shows that Australians are four times more likely to develop a cancer of the skin than any other type of cancer”, and provides an insight on melanoma that “is curable by surgical excision in the majority of cases, if detected at an early stage.”

The article has got an Altmetric score of 594. Mikhail (Misha) Blagosklonny realizes that majority of readers are aiming to comprehend the very meaning of it. Based on the Altmetric website, the score indicates “how many people have been exposed to and engaged with a scholarly output.” Hereby, the article about melanoma, was used for citations in different news articles 69 times. Moreover, it was quoted in 2 online blogs, as well as 25 Tweets on Twitter and 1 Facebook post. FOX23 of Tulsa, Oklahoma has headlined their report on July 20, 2018 as “New blood test could detect skin cancer early”, using the main content of Australia study 

Another Oncotarget’s study with a top score of 476, is “Biomarkers for early diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma: Do we need another moon-shot,”. This study has appeared in 60 news stories, 1 online blog post and 6 Twitter posts. The majority of public may have seen a concise overview only, however those who visit Mikhail (Misha) Blagosklonny at Oncotarget, do receive helpful scientific facts. Oncotarget is proud to have the ability to share with online readers this highly appreciated and high-quality information, that is trustworthy and reliable.